United States of America, Libelant, Maureen E. Garde MaurÜ¥e 3À e United States of America, Libelant,
v. An Article or Device. . . "Hubbard Electrometer" or "Hubbard
E-Meter," etc., Founding Church of Scientology et al., Claimants,
No. D.C. 1-63, United States District Court, District of
Columbia, July 30, 1971 (333 F.Supp. 357).
(From the Memorandum Opinion by District Judge
Gesell:)
"This is an action by the United States seeking nationwide
condemnation of a gadget known as an E-meter and related
writings, by libel of information under the Food, Drug &
Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 301 et seq. The E-meter is claimed to
be a device within the meaning of the Act. Misbranding and
lack of adequate directions for use are alleged. Claimants
are the Founding Church of Scientology and various individuals.
This suit was originally tried to a jury before another Judge
of this Court and the conviction there obtained was reversed
on appeal after a long trial because of certain First
Amendment problems suggested by the instructions and
evidentiary rulings. The present trial was conducted to the
Court without a jury after a series of pretrials which
narrowed the issues. The record consists of the transcript
and exhibits taken at the prior trial with some additions and
deletions, plus the testimony of one additional witness who
testified further on religious aspects of the case. Many
of the background facts are set forth in the opinion of the
Court of Appeals and since they were in the main not
contested at the second trial they need not all be repeated
here.
The E-meter is essentially a simple galvanometer using two
tin cans as electrodes. It is crude, battery-powered, and
designed to measure electrical skin resistance. It is completely
harmless and ineffective in itself. A person using the meter
for treatment holds the tin cans in his hands during an
interview with the operator who is known as an auditor and
who purports to read indicators from the galvanometer needle
as it notes reactions to questions. Scientology is a so-called
exact science which promotes auditing. When practiced by
trained or untrained persons, Scientology auditing is claimed
to improve the health, intelligence, ability, behavior, skill
and appearance of the individual treated.
L. Ron Hubbard, writing in a science fiction magazine in the
1940's, first advanced the extravagant false claim that
various physical and mental illnesses could be cured by
auditing. He played a major part in developing Scientology.
Thereafter, commencing in the early 1950's numerous
Scientology books and pamphlets were written explaining how
various illnesses can be and had been cured through auditing.
These materials were widely distributed. Hubbard, who wrote
much of the material, is a facile, prolific author and his
quackery flourished throughout the United States and in
various parts of the world. He was supported by other
pamphleteers and adherents who also promoted the practice of
Scientology and touted its alleged benefits.
Hubbard and his fellow Scientologists developed the notion
of using an E-meter to aid auditing. Substantial fees were
charged for the meter. They repeatedly and explicitly
represented that such auditing effectuated cures of many
physical and mental illnesses. An individual processed with
the aid of the E-meter was said to read the intended goal
of "clear" and was led to believe there was reliable scientific
proof that once cleared many, indeed most illnesses would
automatically be cured. Auditing was guaranteed to be
successful. All this was and is false -- in short, a fraud.
Contrary to representations made, there is absolutely no
scientific or medical basis in fact for the claimed cures
attributed to E-meter auditing.
Unfortunately the Governmnet did not move to stop the practice
of Scientology and a related "science" known as Dianetics
when these activities first appeared and were gaining public
acceptance. Had it done so, this tedious litigation would
not have been necessary. The Governmnet did not sue to
condemn the E-meter until the early 1960's, by which time
a religious cult known as the Founding Church of Scientology
had appeared. This religion, formally organized in 1955,
existed side-by-side with the secular practice of Scientology.
Its adherents embrace many of Hubbard's teachings and widely
disseminate his writings. The Church purports to believe
that many illnesses may be cured through E-meter auditing
by its trained ministers through an appeal to the spirit
or soul of a man. As a matter of formal doctrine, the Church
professes to have abandoned any contention that there is a
scientific basis for claiming cures resulting from E-meter
use. The Church, however, continued widely to circulate
Scientology literature such as Government's exhibits 16 and
31, which hold out false scientific and medical promises
of certain cures for many types of illnesses.
In 1962, when the Government seized the E-meters involved
in the present controversy, it took them from the premises
of the Church, confiscating some E-meters which were
actually then being used primarily by ministers of the Church
to audit adherents or to train auditors for subsequent church
acitvity. Thus the Government put itself in the delicate
position of moving against not only secular uses of the
E-meter but other uses purporting to be religious, and the
Court accordlingly confronts the necessity of reconciling
the requirements of the Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act prohibiting
misbranding and the requirements of the First Amendment
protecting religious institutions and religious beliefs
from governmental interference under the First Amendment.
The Court of Appeals has ruled that the evidence at the
prior trial and re-introduced at this trial established
prima facie that the Founding Church of Scientology, the
principal claimant here, is a bona fide religion and that
the auditing practice of Scientology and accounts of it are
religious doctrine. No evidence to the contrary was
offered by the Government on the second trial. Accordingly,
for purposes of this particular case only, claimant must be
deemed to have met its burden of establishing First
Amendment standing for whatever significance the religious
practice of Scientology may have on the outcome of this
particular litigation.
The Government considers the First Amendment issue wholly
irrelevant and extraneous. Claimant, on the other hand,
relies heavily on the religious claim. The positions of
the parties are so completely different that neither even
deigns to recognize any merit in the other. The briefs and
findings proposed by each side pass like two ships at night
with not even a port or starboard light showing. Yet the
truth is not as absolute as either party contends. Religious
aspects of this controversy, once tactically conceded,
cannot be ignored. On the other hand, it is a gross
exaggeration to insist that the energetic, persistent
solicitation of E-meter-audited cures for a fee has all
occurred in a spiritual setting without use of secular
appeals and false scientific promises made in a wholly
non-religious context.
[1] Turning to the precise issues presented, it must first be
determined whether the E-meter is a device within the meaning
of the Act (21 U.S.C. 321(h)). It obviously meets the
statutory definition of an apparatus or contrivance intended
for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation or treatment of
disease. Moreover, it is held out as such in the constant
promotion of E-meter auditing, a process designed to effectuate
cures of mental and physical illnesses. Claimants contend that
the E-meter is harmless in itself, cures nothing by itself,
and therefore cannot be a device since those who use it
appreciate its ineffectiveness and cannot therefore have the
requisite intent. This begs the question. The device plays
a key part in both the secular and religious auditing process
which is used and intended to be used in the cure, mitigation,
or treatment of disease. It need not be the only agent in
an allegedly curative process to be a device within the
definition. The E-meter is a device within the meaning of
the Act.
Over 100 E-meters were seized. At the same time the Government seized some 200
separate pieces of literature containing approximately
20,000 pages, much of which it now contends demonstrates
misbranding of the device by misrepresentation and lack of
adequate directions for use under 21 U.S.C. 334 and 352.
"The writing seized were located in a bookstore, or "Distribution
Center," separately incorporated but owned by the Church, with
offices in the basement of the Church premises. The Center
advertised and sold for profit a long list of Scientology,
Dianetics and other writings concerned with auditing in book,
pamphlet, newsletter and other forms.
A few of these writings are primarily religious in nature.
Others contain medical or scientific claims in a partially
religious context. Most of the material, however, explains
aspects of Scientology and Dianetics in purely matter-of-fact
medical and scientific terms without any apparent religious
reference. While the Court of Appeals concluded that literature
setting forth the theory of auditing, ncluding the claims for
curative efficacy contained therein, is religious doctrine and
hence as a matter of law not labeling, it recognized this was
so only if the person charged with misrepresentation explicitly
held himself out as making religious as opposed to medical,
scientific or otherwise secular claims. The bulk of the
material is replete with false medical and scientific claims
devoid of any religious overlay or reference. Two books
which the Church especially recommended to interested
participants, "Scientology: The Fundamentals of Thought"
(Government Ex. 31), and "The Problems of Work" (Government
Ex. 103), are typical examples of books containing false
scientific non-religious claims. Examples of such claims
found in these and a few other representative documents used
in various direct and indirect ways to promote E-meter auditing
are listed in Appendix A.
[2] Thus the literature has all the necessary elements of
labeling specified in 21 U.S.C. 321(m) since it "accompanied"
the device within the meaning of the Act.
[3] Having in mind a jury trial, the Court of Appeals
contemplated an item-by-item analysis of the writings alleged
to be labeling in order to remove from jury inspection purely
religious appeals, reserving a presentation of the other
literature for determination under instructions differentiating
the secular from the religious. This exercise is, of course,
unnecessary on a trial to the Court. A single false scientific
non-religious label claim is sufficient to support condemnation,
and in fact there are many. Moreover, differentiation of
individual documents as a practical matter is of little value
when it comes to an overall resolution of the controversy.
Realistically, the writings cannot only be viewed separately.
They are available and distributed in infinite combinations.
Whole books are involved which often ramble, contradict and
are constructed to make diversified appeals that are basically
secular and directed to varying temperaments, ages and attitudes
of potential readers. Much of the material is skillful
propaganda designed to make Scientology and E-meter auditing
attractive in many varied, often inconsistent wrappings.
The Food and Drug laws are designed to protect the public.
The literature disseminated by various Scientology groups
is written for popular lay consumption. The words and thrust
of the writings must accordingly be so considered. Claims as
to the efficacy of the E-meter must be read to mean what they
clearly purport to say to ordinary lay readers. The Court
notes that the task of determining whether a claim or
representation is religious or non-religious, or whether a
religious claim is genuine or merely "tacked on" to basically
pseudo-scientific claims, is hardly less troublesome than
the task of determining whether a religious claim is true or
false. The Court has attempted to resolve the difficulty thus
presented by the Court of Appeals by refusing to consider the
truth or falsity of any claim which, in the understanding of
the average reader, could be construed as resting on religious
faith. All doubts on this issue have been resolved in favor
or the Claimants. But the overall effect of the many separate
writings and the writings as a whole cannot be seriously
questioned. Whether the documents are viewed singly or as a
whole, the proof showed that many false scientific claims
permeate the writings and that these are not even inferentially
held out as religious, either in their sponsorship or context.
It should be kept in mind at all times that the Church is
but one of several groups engaged in the promotion of
Scientology; others include the Hubbard Guidance Center, that
offers non-religious processing and auditing to the public
for a fee; Hubbard Association of Scientologists International
(HASI), a world-wide organization promoting Scientology
among members of the organization who receive a monthly
magazine ("Ability") and other benefits: and the Distribution
Center, Inc., already mentioned. The combined effort of all
these activities is to persuade the public to come forward
for auditing with an E-meter for a fee, and while some may
be motivated or attracted by religious considerations, others
who audit or are audited are not.
[4] An individual was not required to be either a Church member
or a Scientologist to be audited at cost of $500 for 25 hours,
with state of "clear" guaranteed for $5,000. The E-meter was
available for sale to the public for a fee of $125. The benefits
of auditing were extravagantly advertised. At the time this
action was commenced, E-meters - perhaps as many as one-third the
total supply - were being used by member of the public without
any religious control or supervision. The writings were
distributed to accompany the E-meter and intended to promote its
use by members of the public; they were used by laymen for
secular purposes; individually a great many contain false
unqualified scientific claims without even a religious overlay
or suggestion. Viewed as a whole the thrust of the writings is
secular, not religious. The writings are labeling within the
meaning of the Act. Thus, the E-meter is misbranded and its
secular use of the offensive literature as labeling. The
misbranding results not only from misrepresentation by reason
of 21 U.S.C. 352(a) but because the labeling failed to bear
adequate directions for use required by 21 U.S.C. 352(f). On
the basis of these findings, the Government is entitled to some
relief. It is only when the Court confronts the question of
appropriate remedy that serious difficulties arise.
[5] An initial issue presented is whether the normal Food and
Drug remedies, 21 U.S.C. 334, may under any circumstances be
applied to the device when used by some as an "artifact" of
a church. A law designed to afford protection to the public
against genuine evils may be used to regulate the activities
of religion only if the regulation involved is the narrowest
possible remedy to achieve the legitimate non-religious end,
which in this case is only to protect the public against
misrepresentation since the E-meter is harmless in itself.
The Government argues that once a violation of the Act is
established, the devices seized may be treated the same as
any other misbranded device. Since the bona fides of the
religion remains unquestioned on this record, the Government's
position is an oversimplification. Here is a pseudo-science
that has been adopted and adapted for religious purposes.
The literature held to make false representations, while in
itself non-religious, nevertheless comprises for some, part
of the writings, teachings, and history of a religion. Those
who belong to the Church and accept its beliefs assert that
many illnesses may be alleviated by religious counseling
designed to free the spirit of encumbrances. They find in
the rationale and procedure of Scientology satisfactory early
explanations and techniques to implement what is essentially
faith healing by use of the E-meter. Thus they purport to
read the purely secular writings of Scientology with
semantic interpretations fostered by their evolving religious
doctrine. Purely scientific statements are given a
theological slant by the initiated and the occasional
theological indications in the writings are given enthusiastic
exaggeration. What the layman reads as straight science
fiction becomes to the believer a bit of early imperfect
scripture. The result of all this is that what may appear
to the layman as a factual scientific representation
(clearly false) is not necessarily this at all when read by
one who has embraced the doctrine of the Church.
Accordingly, the Governmnet's protestations that it is not
interfering with religious practice when it seeks to
condemn the E-meter and related literature must be qualified.
The Church is a religious institution protected by the First
Amendment. The E-meter is used by its ministers as part of
the ritual and practice of the Church. Serious interference
indeed results if the Church is entirely prohibited from
using the E-meter by condemnation or if the Court orders the
Food and Drug Administration to oversee a general rewriting
of all the writings the Church purveys. Where there is a
belief in a scientific fraud there is nonetheless an
interference with the religion that entertains that belief
if its writings are censored or suppressed. Similarly, if
a church used a machine harmless in itself to aid its
ministers in communicating with adherents, the destruction
of that machine intrudes on religion. The dilemma cannot
be resolved by attempting to isolate purely false scientific
claims from claims that have sufficient religious content
to be outside the Food and Drug laws. There is a religious
substance to everything when seen with the eyes of a
believer.
For these reasons, the Church may not be wholly prevented
from practicing its faith or from seeking new adherents.
A decree of condemnation which ordered destruction of the
device, with its necessary res judicata effect as to all
E-meters in the country, would achieve this effect. On the
other hand, a condemnation decree which allowed the FDA to
reform the writings as is done in the usual drug misbranding
case would give a Government agency excessive power to
interfere with the exercise of religion, fostering that
Government "entanglement" with religion which has been
recently condemned by the Supreme Court. Neither of these
possible remedies is acceptable to the Court.
Had the Government proceeded in equity to enjoin specific
non-religious practices or representations which it believed
to violate the Act, the Court could have curtailed the purely
commercial use of the E-meter while leaving the Church free
to practice its belief under limited circumstances. An
action in rem, however, acts only upon the device, and the
Court cannot fashion a rememdy in libel which distinguishes
with particularity between religious and non-religious uses.
An equity proceeding is clearly the most satisfacotry remedy
in this and any other similar future cases, and may in some
instances be the only remedy which the Government may seek
consistent with the First Amendment.
[6] Dismissal of this libel after eight years of legal
proceedings is not justified on the grounds that the Government
has not used the most appropriate remedy. A decree of
condemnation will therefore be entered, but the Church and
others who base their use upon religious belief will be allowed
to continue auditing practices upon specified conditions which
allow the Food and Drug Administration as little discretion as
possible to interfere in future activities of the religion.
Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 333(d), upon the findings and conclusions
contained in this Memorandum Opinion, relief in the following
form shall be set out in an implementing order:
All E-meters are condemned together with all writing seized.
The Government shall have its costs.
The device and writings condemned shall be returned to the
owners, upon executio of an appropriate bond, to be destroyed
or brought into compliance with the Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act.
An E-meter shall be deemed to comply with the Act if and only
if it is used, sold or distributed upon specified conditions.
The device may be used or sold or distributed only for use in
bona fide religious counseling. No user, purchaser or
distributee (other than the Founding Church of Scientology
or an ordained practicing minister of the Church) shall be
considered engaged in bona fide religious counseling unless
and until such user, purchaser or distributee has filed an
affidavit with the Secretary of the Food and Drug Administration
stating the basis on which a claim of bona fide religious
counseling is made, together with an undertaking to comply
with all conditions of the judgement so long as the E-meter
is used.
The device should bear a prominent, clearly visible notice
warning that any person using it for auditing or counseling
of any kind is forbidden by law to represent that there is
any medical or scientific basis for believing or asserting
that the device is useful in the diagnosis, treatment or
prevention of any disease. It should be noted in the warning
that the device has been condemned by a United States
District Court for misrepresentation and misbranding under
the Food and Drug laws, that use is permitted only as part
of religious activity, and that the E-meter is not medically
or scientifically capable of improving the health or bodily
functions of anyone.
Each user, purchaser, and distributee of the E-meter shall
sign a written statement that he has read such warning and
understands its contents and such statements shall be
preserved.
Any and all literature which refers to the E-meter or to
auditing, including advertisements, distributed directly or
indirectly by the seller or distributor of the E-meter or by
anyone utilizing or pomoting the use of the E-meter, should
bear a prominent notice printed in or permanently affixed to
each item or such literature, stating that the device known
as a Hubbard Electrometer, or E-meter, used in auding, has
been condemned by a United States District Court on the
grounds that the literature of Dianetics and Scientology
contains false and misleading claims of a medical or scientific
nature and that the E-meter has no proven usefulness in the
diagnosis, treatment or prevention of any disease, nor is it
medically or scientifically capable of improving any bodily
function. Where the notice is printed in or affixed to
literature, it should appear either on the outside front
cover or on the title page in letters no smaller than
11-point type.
The E-meter should not be sold to any person or used in any
counseling of any person except pursuant to a written contract,
signed by the purchaser or counselee, which includes, among
other things, a prominent notification as specified above.
The effect of this judgment will be to eliminate the E-meter
as far as further secular use by Scientologists or others
is concerned. E-meter auditing will be permitted only in
a religious setting subject to placing explicit warning
disclaimers on the meter itself and on all labeling. The
Government has requested an opportunity to show that complete
forfeiture and destruction of the E-meter is required, but
the Court has concluded that however desirable this may be
in the public interest, the Court is without power to so
order in view of the protections afforded claimant and
others similarly situated under the First Amendment.
The foregoing shall constitute the Court's findings of fact
and conclusions of law. The parties are directed to submit
an appropriate form of order providing the relief indicated
on or before September 1, 1971.
APPENDIX A
Representative Documents Found to be Non-Religious, and
Samples of False or Misleading Claims Found Therein
1. Eight-page pamphlet, entitled "What Is Scientology?"
(Government Exhibit No. 16)
"Scientology is today the only successfully validated
psychotherapy in the world. Tens of thousands of
completely documented cases exist in the files of
the Hubbard Association of Scientologists International.
"The first science to put the cost of psychotherapy
within the range of any person's pocketbook. A
complete Freudian analysis costs $8000 to $15,000.
Better results can be achieved in Scientology for
$25 and, on a group basis for a few dollars."
"The first science to determine the basic cause of
disease.
"The first science to contain exact technology to
routinely alleviate physical ilnesses with complete
predictable success.
"The first science of mind to prove conclusively that
physical illness can stem from mental disturbance, a
fact which Freud held only as theory, and only
seldom demonstrated."
2. Twenty-four page pamphlet entitled "Ability Issue 71:
Being Clear and How to Get There," by L. Ron Hubbard
(Government Exhibit No. 9BA)
"Scientologically, the optimum individual is called
the clear. One will hear much of that word, both as
a noun and a verb, so it is well to spend time here
at the outset setting forth exactly what can be
called a clear, the goal of Scientology processing.
"A clear can be tested for any and all psychoses,
neuroses, compulsions and repressions (all aberrations)
and can be examined for any autogenic (self-generated)
diseases referred to as psychosomatic ills. These
tests confirm the clear to be entirely without such
ills or aberrations. Additional tests of his
intelligence indicate it to be high above the current
norm. Observation of his activity demonstrates that
he pursues existence with vigor and satisfaction.
"Further, these results can be obtained on a
comparative basis. A neurotic individual, possessed
also of psychosomatic ills, can be tested for these
aberrations and illnesses demonstrating that they
exist. He can then be given Scientology processing
to the end of clearing these neuroses and ills.
Finally, he can be examined, with the above results.
This, in passing, is an experiment which has been
performed many times with invariable results. It is
a matter of laboratory test that all individuals who
have organically complete nervous systems respond
in this fashion to Scientology clearing."
3. Hard back book, 452 pages, entitled "Dianetics: The
Modern Science of Mental Health," by L. Ron Hubbard.
"Simple though it is, dianetics does and is these
things:
1. It is an organized science of thought built on
definite axioms: statements of natural laws on the
order of those of the physical sciences.
2. It contains a therapeutic technique with which
can be treated all inorganic mental ills and all
organic psychosomatic ills, with assurance of complete
cure in unselected cases.
3. It produces a condition of ability and rationality
for Man well in advance of the current norm, enhancing
rather than destroying his vigor and personality.
4. Dianetics gives a complete insight into the full
potentialities of the mind, discovering them to be
well in excess of past supposition.
5. The basic nature of man is discovered in dianetics
rather than hazarded or postulated, since that basic
nature can be brought into action in any individual
completely. And that basic nature is discovered to
be good.
6. The single source of mental derangement is discovered
and demonstrated, on a clinical or laboratory basis,
by dianetics.
7. The extent, storage capacity and recallibility of
the human memory is finally established by dianetics.
8. The full recording abilities of the mind are
discovered by dianetics with the conclusion that they
are quite dissimilar to former suppositions.
9. Dianetics brings forth the non-germ theory of
disease, complementing bio-chemistry and Pasteur's work
on the germ theory to embrace the field.
10. With dianetics ends the "necessity" of destroying
the brain by shock or surgery to effect "tractability"
in mental patients and "adjust" them.
11. A workable explanation of the physiological effects
of drugs and endocrine substances exists in dianetics
and many problems posed by endocrinology are answered."
"Chapter V
PSYCHO-SOMATIC ILLNESS
Psycho-somatic illnesses are those which have a mental
origin but which are nevertheless organic. Despite the
fact that there existed no precise scientific proof of
this before dianetics, an opinion as to the existence
has been strong since the days of Greece, and in recent
times various drug preparations have been concocted and
sold which were supposed to overcome these sicknesses.
Some success was experienced, sufficient to warrant a
great deal of work on the part of researchers. Peptic
ulcers, for instance, have yielded to persuasion and
environmental change. A recent drug called ACTH has had
astonishing but wildly unpredictable results. Allergies
have been found to yield more or less to things which
depressed histamine in the body.
The problem of psycho-somatic illness is entirely
embraced by dianetics, and by dianetic technique such
illness has been eradicated entirely in every case.
On the physical therapy level any thing as violent as
surgery or exodontistry in the psycho-somatic plan is
utter barbarism in the light of dianetics. "Toothache"
is normally psycho-somatic. Organic illnesses enough
to fill several catalogues are psycho-somatic. No
recourse to surgery of any kind should be had until it
is certain that the ailment is not psycho-somatic or
that the illness will not diminish by itself if the
potency of the reactive mind is reduced."
4. Twelve page pamphlet entitled "Ability Issue 72"
(Government Exhibit No. 114)
[A graphic with a bunch of sad faces and a happy face.
My ASCII artwork isn't good enough to even try to take
this one on."
"Sad! Mad! Gad!
We don't care what your problem is.
We can clear you at the Hubbard Guidance Center
Glad! (he came)
For regular processing rates:
For further information:
If you're no gambler you can have a CLEAR GUARANTEE:
$5,000
(regardless of how many hours it takes)
5. Sixty-four page booklet, entitled "Scientology: The
Fundamentals of Thought," by L. Ron Hubbard. Subtitle:
The Basic Book of the Theory & Practice of Scientology
for Beginners"
(Government Exhibit No. 31)
Scientology is that branch of psychology which treats of
(embraces) human ability. It is an extension of DIANETICS
* * * Scientology is actually a new but very basic
psychology in the most exact meaning of the word. It can
and does change behaviour and intelligence and it can and
does assist people to study life.
Scientology, used by the trained and untrained person
improves the health, intelligence, ability, behaviour,
skill and appearance of people.
It is a precise and exact science, designed for an age of
exact sciences.
Scientology is employed by an Auditor (one who listens and
commands) as a set of drills (exercises, processes) upon
the individual, and small or large groups. It is also
employed as an education (teaching) subject. It has been
found that persons can be processed (drilled) in
Scientology with Scientology exercises and can be made
well of many, many illnesses and can become brighter, more
alert and more competent. BUT if they are only processed
they have a tendency to be overwhelmed or startled and
although they may be brighter and more competent they are
still held down by an ignorance of life. Therefore it is
far better to teach AND process (audit, drill) a person
than only to process him. In other words the best use
of Scientology is through processing and education in
Scientology. In this way there is no imbalance. It is
interesting that people only need to study Scientology
to have some small rise in their own intelligence,
behaviour and competence. The study itself is therapeutic
(good medicine) by actual testing.
Tens of thousands of case histories (reports on patients,
individual records) all sworn to (attested before public
officials) are in the possession of the organizations of
Scientology. No other subject on earth except physics
and chemistry has had such grueling testing (proofs, exact
findings). Scientology in the hands of an expert (AUditor)
can cure some 70% of Man's illnesses (sicknesses).
Scientology is used by some of the largest companies
(business organizations) on Earth. It is valid. It has
been tested. It is the only thoroughly tested system of
improving human relations, intelligence and character
and is the only one which does.
6. Seventy-one page booklet, entitled "The Problems of Work,"
by L. Ron Hubbard.
(Government Exhibit No. 103)
"Scientology is the first American science of Man. It is
the technical know-how of the American applied to himself.
In contrast to the metaphysical thinking of Europe that
has formed the basis of our concepts of ourselves.
Scientology is a technology as factual and as exact as
the technologies that base the development of the atom
bomb ... and it has a like source - the first class in
nuclear physics, taught at George Washington University.
"Scientology can and does change human behavior for the
better. It puts the individual under the control of
himself - where he belongs. Scientology can and does
increase human intelligence. By the most exact test
known it has been proven that Scientology can greatly
increase intelligence in an individual. And Scientology
can do other things. It can reduce reaction time and
it is no intention here to give a list of all it can do.
It is a science of life and it works. It adequately
handles the basic rules of life and it brings order into
chaos.
"The mysteries of life are not today, with Scientology.
very mysterious. Mystery is not a needful ingredient.
Only the very aberrated man desires to have vast secrets
held away from him. [WOW! sounds like a great .sig line!]
Scientology has slashed through many of the complexities
which have been erected for men and has bared the core
of these problems. Scientology for the first time in
man's history can predictably raise intelligence,
increase ability, bring about a return of the ability
to play a game, and permits man to escape from the
dwindling spiral of his own disabilities. Therefore
work itself can become a game, a pleasant and happy
thing."
7. Hard cover book, 112 pages, entitled "All About Radiation,
by a Nuclear Physicist and a Medical Doctor"
(Government Exhibit No. 116)
We care very little about whether there is radiation in
the atmosphere because a person who is in excellent
physical condition does not particularly suffer mentally
and thus physically from the effects of radiation. When
a person is at a level where his general physical health
is good, then this worry is not capable of depressing
him into ill-health. Radiation is more of a mental
than a physical problem and Scientology handles that."
"The reaction to radiation in persons who have been
given Scientology processing is by actual tests much
lower than those who have not received it. We have
conducted many experiments in that direction. But even
we would find it very difficult and even antipathetic
to get everybody together and give them the amount of
group processing needed to safeguard against radiation."